Ketogenic Diet Suppressed T Regulatory Cells And Promoted Cardiac Fibrosis Via Reducing Mitochondria Associated Membranes And Inhibiting Mitochondrial Function

Researchers studied whether ketogenic diets are safe for heart health in diabetes by feeding diabetic mice either regular food or a ketogenic diet. While ketogenic diets have become popular for managing diabetes and weight loss, scientists wanted to understand their effects on the heart, particularly in diabetic heart disease (called diabetic cardiomyopathy).

The study found mixed results. On the positive side, the ketogenic diet improved metabolic markers like blood sugar levels in the diabetic mice. However, the diet also caused concerning changes to heart health. Mice on the ketogenic diet developed worse heart function, particularly problems with how their hearts relaxed between beats (called diastolic dysfunction). They also developed more scarring (fibrosis) in their heart tissue, which can make the heart stiff and less effective at pumping blood.

The researchers discovered that ketogenic diets reduced the number and function of special immune cells called T-regulatory cells (Tregs). These cells normally help protect tissues from inflammation and damage. When ketone bodies (the fuel source created during ketogenic diets) interfered with these protective cells, it led to increased activation of cells that create scar tissue in the heart. The study also found that ketones disrupted normal cellular energy production in heart cells.

This research suggests that while ketogenic diets may offer metabolic benefits, they might pose risks to heart health, especially for people with diabetes. In clinical practice, this highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring when patients choose ketogenic approaches, particularly assessing heart function and not just metabolic markers. Patients considering ketogenic diets should discuss both the potential benefits and cardiovascular risks with their healthcare providers.